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You Are Here: Home» World News » Q&A: Tahawwur Rana trial, 23 May 2011 Last updated at 16:19 GMT


he trial of Chicago businessman Tawwahur Rana, accused of helping plan the Mumbai attacks of 2008, has begun in the United States. It is being closely watched for what it might reveal about Pakistan's role in the global fight against terrorism.
The Mumbai attacks killed more than 160 people, including six Americans. The BBC's Zubair Ahmed, who was in Mumbai when the attacks took place, examines some key questions about the trial.
Who is Tahawwur Rana and what is he charged with? Tahawwur Hussain Rana, 50, grew up in Pakistan and following his medical degree joined the Pakistani Army's medical corps. He and his wife, also a doctor, became naturalised Canadians in 2001. Before his arrest in 2009, he had been living in Chicago running several businesses, including an immigration and travel agency.
Three years earlier he helped his childhood friend David Headley open a branch of the business in Mumbai. It is alleged the office was set up to scout for possible terrorist targets in the city.
Headley - who pleaded guilty last year to scouting locations for the Mumbai attacks - is expected to be a key prosecution witness. He has already admitted he had links to the militant organisation allegedly behind the attacks, Lashkar-e-Toiba - and says he had links to the Pakistani intelligence service ISI.
Mr Rana faces 12 charges, including helping to kill American citizens. He has been charged with providing a cover for Headley and of passing messages between his former friend and a man known as "Major Iqbal", who some believe is part of the ISI.
How was he arrested and when? Mr Rana and Headley were arrested in October 2009 for allegedly plotting to attack the offices of Jyllands-Posten newspaper, which had published the controversial cartoons of Prophet Muhammad. During the interrogation it is alleged that their complicity in the Mumbai attacks came to light.
The federal court in Chicago has charged four other men, who were formally named in April. They were identified as Captain Iqbal, Sajid Meer, Abu Qahafa and Mazhar Iqbal. They are Pakistani nationals, but only Mazhar Iqbal has been arrested in Pakistan.
What is David Headley's role and how is his testimony crucial to the case? David Headley's testimony is likely to connect Mr Rana to the ISI, a revelation that may deepen the American suspicion of the ISI's links to terrorist organisations - although Pakistan is expected to deny any such links.
He has already confessed to being involved in the conspiracy to attack Mumbai at the behest of some of his associates in Pakistan. He used to meet the four men, who were charged and named by the Chicago court in April with taking lead roles in the Mumbai attacks.
According to the indictment, Headley made several visits to Mumbai to survey the locations for attacks. After each of his visits to Mumbai he went to Pakistan and met his alleged handlers. It is alleged that on their advice he opened an immigration and travel office, called First World, owned by Mr Rana.
How reliable a witness is David Headley? Pakistan accuses him of being a liar and is expected to flatly deny any allegations that might implicate the ISI. It is widely believed that Headley is going to give a detailed account of his claimed involvement with some people in the ISI - and that the prosecution will use records of phone calls and documentary evidence to back his statement.
It is believed the defence will try hard to discredit Headley, who has entered into a plea bargain in return for his testimony.
What could the case mean for US-Pakistani relations?
The trial begins at a time when Pakistan's intelligence services have been coming under fire for failing to detect Osama Bin Laden, killed by US forces killed on 2 May outside Islamabad.
But the US government has avoided naming the ISI in the charges, a "tactical" move according to Sebastian Rotella, a ProPublica journalist who has written extensively about the trial.
By not naming the ISI the US is sending a "tough signal to Pakistan but pulling the punch, says Rotella. "It doesn't want to give the impression that it is blaming the entire institution."
Christine Fair, a professor and terrorism expert at Georgetown University, says the trial was a "big deal" before Osama Bin Laden was killed, "but it is an even bigger deal now because in part there is so much frustration across the US government with Pakistan".
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